2/13/2024 0 Comments Asian trumpet repertoireIn-depth investigations on elephant vocalizations have mainly focused on low-frequency calls (rumbles) in African elephants ( Loxodonta spp.). While the vocal repertoire has been well described for the African savanna elephant Loxodonta africana, fewer studies have been done on Asian elephants Elephas maximus. Accordingly, elephants use a diverse set of vocalizations as part of their intra-specific communication. The ‘social complexity hypothesis’ for communication proposes that animals living in complex social systems do also require a more complex vocal communication system, consisting of structurally and functionally distinct elements. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Įlephants are highly social mammals that live in fission-fusion societies based on matriarchal female-bonded kin groups, from which males disperse when adolescent. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: EF was financially supported by the University of Vienna (KWA - Short-term grants abroad ), VCB was supported by the doctoral program Cognition and Communication by the FWF, the Austrian Science Fund (W1262-B29 ), AB and ASS were supported by the FWF, the Austrian Science Fund (P 31034 ). Received: JAccepted: NovemPublished: November 23, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Fuchs et al. PLoS ONE 16(11):Įditor: Michael Döllinger, University Hospital Eriangen at Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Numberg, GERMANY We propose that trumpets in adult female Asian elephants serve to convey an individual’s identity as well as to signal arousal and excitement to conspecifics.Ĭitation: Fuchs E, Beeck VC, Baotic A, Stoeger AS (2021) Acoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus). Non-linear phenomena prevailed and varied in abundance among individuals, suggesting that irregularities in trumpets might enhance the potential for individual recognition. Our study reveals that the contour of the fundamental frequency of trumpets encodes information about individuality, but we found no evidence for trumpet subtypes in greeting versus disturbance contexts. We documented a mean fundamental frequency ± SD of 474 ± 70 Hz and a mean duration ± SD of 1.38 ± 1.46 s (N indiv. Finally, we recorded the occurrence of non-linear phenomena such as bifurcation, biphonation, subharmonics and deterministic chaos. ![]() We also tested for information content regarding individuality and context. ![]() We recorded adult female Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus) at a private facility in Nepal and analyzed 206 trumpets from six individuals regarding their frequency, temporal and contour shape, and related acoustic parameters of the fundamental frequency. ![]() Yet, a better and more complete understanding of the elephant vocal system requires investigating other vocalization types and their functioning in more detail as well. Most studies on elephant vocal communication have focused on the low-frequency rumble, with less effort on other vocalization types such as the most characteristic elephant call, the trumpet.
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